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Sabtu, 24 November 2012

PEMROGRMAN FRAMEWORK


PENDAHULUAN

1.     Pengertian Framework
Kerangka kerja (bahasa Inggris: framework) adalah suatu struktur konseptual dasar yang digunakan untuk memecahkan atau menangani suatu masalah kompleks. Istilah ini sering digunakan antara lain dalam bidang perangkat lunak untuk menggambarkan suatu desain sistem perangkat lunak yang dapat digunakan kembali.
Framework merupakan kumpulan fungsi (libraries) atau dapat istilahkan sebagai koleksi atau kumpulan potongan-potongan program yang disusun atau diorganisasikan sedemikian rupa, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk membantu membuat aplikasi yang utuh tanpa harus membuat semua kodenya dari awal.

2.     Sejarah Perkembangan Pemrograman Web
a.     Web Statis sebuah web yang berbasis HTML (HyperText Markup Language). Web statis teridiri dari halaman-halaman web (web page), dimana  memiliki kecepatan dalam menampilkan sebuah halaman web pada web browse.
b.    Web Dinamis merupakan sebuah web yang dirancang dengan memisahkan antara kode program dan data, sehingga lebih interaktif.
c.     Web instant berupa template web yang menggunakan perangkat lunak CMS (Content Management System)
d.    Web Framework disebut juga web application framework adalah suatu software framework yang didesain untuk mendukung pengembangan web dinamis, aplikasi web dan web service.


3.   CMS (Content Management System) dan Web Framework

a.      CMS (Content Management System)
Sistem Manajemen Konten (Content Management System [CMS]), adalah perangkat lunak yang memungkinkan seseorang untuk menambahkan dan/atau memanipulasi (mengubah) isi dari suatu situs Web. Umumnya, sebuah CMS (Content Management System) terdiri dari dua elemen antara lain:
- Aplikasi Manajemen Isi (Content Management Application, [CMA])
Elemen CMA memungkinkan  seseorang tanpa memiliki pengetahuan mengenai  HTML (HyperText Markup Language)  dapat  membuat sebuah web dengan menambah, menghapus dan modifikasi isi dari suatu situs Web tanpa perlu memiliki keahlian sebagai seorang webmaster.


- Aplikasi Pengiriman Isi (Content Delivery Application [CDA]).
Elemen CDA menggunakan dan menghimpun informasi-informasi yang sebelumnya telah ditambah, dikurangi atau diubah oleh si empunya situs web untuk meng-update atau memperbaharui situs web tersebut. Kemampuan atau fitur dari sebuah sistem CMS berbeda-beda, walaupun begitu, kebanyakan dari software ini memiliki fitur publikasi berbasis Web, manajemen format, kontrol revisi, pembuatan index, pencarian, dan pengarsipan.
Perangkat lunak CMS (Content Management System) cocok untuk kebutuhan instant pembuatan web dan sangat membantu pengembang web pemula karena tidak berhubungan dengan kode program (script).
Beberapa contoh perangkat lunak CMS (Content Management System):
-  Sistem PortalJoomla, Drupal, WordPress, AuraCMS, PHPNuke, dll.
-  Elearning: Moodle, Atutor, DrupalEd, dll
-  Ecommerce: PrestaShop, ZendCart, VirtueMart Joomla, OsCommerce, dll.
-  Forum diskusi: PHPBB, VFM, dll.

b.      Web Framework
Web framework biasa dikenal dengan web application framework adalah suatu software framework yang didesain untuk mendukung pengembangan web dinamis, aplikasi web dan web service. Pemrograman web berbasis framework didasarkan pada konsep OOP (Object Oriented Programming).
Beberapa contoh fungsi-fungsi standar yang telah tersedia dalam pemrograman web framework adalah fungsi paging, enkripsi, email, SEO, session, security, kalender, bahasa, manipulasi gambar, grafik, tabel bergaya zebra, validasi, upload, captcha, proteksi terhadap XSS(XSS filtering), template, kompresi, XML dan lain-lain.
Web framework kebih fleksibel untuk pengembangan aplikasi berbasis web dan dapat digunakan untuk membuat CMS tertentu sesuai kebutuhan. Secara umum web framework lebih secure dibanding CMS karena sistem terbagi 3 (tiga) konsep yakni: model, view, dan controller.

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